Git is not just a collection of commands; It is a distributed version control system that records the state of a set of files through immutable snapshots. In internal terms, everything is stored as objects: blobs (file content), trees (trees that organize the hierarchy), confirmations (instantaneous with metadata), and tags (semantic marks for relevant points).

The repository maintains references pointing to specific confirmations: refs/heads/ for branches, refs/remotes/ for remote repositories. The work tree represents the current work state, while the index (test area) is the space where the next commitment is made up. The distributed design allows each clone to load the complete history and operate offline, accumulating changes from anywhere.

• Immutable snapshots of repository states
• Objects: blobs, trees, confirmations and tags
• References (heads, remote controls) as pointers to confirmations
• Working tree, index and repository form the duty cycle

The commitments constitute a oriented acyclic graph (DAG). Each commitment points to one or more parents, forming the history of the project. Merges Create confirmations with multiple parents, preserving the context of integration. Since the hashes reference the objects, the identity of each snapshot depends on the content, the directory tree, and the confirmation metadata.

This graph facilitates integration and audit operations, since each integration point is a fixed reference that can be examined regardless of how the repository evolved later. Reflog logs the local reference changes history, allowing you to retrieve states even after you rewrite or pointer changes.

• commit point to parents; The graph is acyclic
• Mergers introduce multiple parents, preserving integration history
• Object hashes ensure the integrity and identity of the snapshot
• Reflog offers local reference observability

Git references are mutable pointers for specific confirmations. The branches are mobile pointers indicating the last commitment of a development line; Remote controls bring references from remote repositories (such as source). The set of REFS/HEADS and REFS/REMOTES forms the basis for understanding the evolution of the different lines of code.

The practice of working with branches implies decisions about the maintenance or rewriting of the story. Merge retains the history of the integrations, while rebase rewrites the confirmation sequence so that it looks like a single line. In conceptual terms, maintaining a clear story facilitates auditing and reverses, while rebase can simplify the narrative of a feature before integrating it into a main branch. Labels mark static landmarks for launches or milestones.

• Branches are mobile pointers for confirmations
• Remote controls track remote repository history
• Merges vs Rebase: Impact on shared history
• Labels differentiate stable benchmarks

The basis of everything is the integrity of the data: each object is stored by its content and the hash that identifies it. git does not change the original objects; Create new snapshots as needed. Observability comes from the ability to inspect the graph, history and references in detail.

Low-level tools check repository consistency (for example, through object checks) and the management of unreferenced objects over time. Historically, this translates into practices such as reviewing history with graphics views, inspecting specific confirmation changes, and using commands to understand the origin of the changes before progressing on the integrations.

• Hashes ensure integrity and identify snapshots
• Git FSck and GC help with maintenance and cleaning
• REFLOG allows the recovery and audit of previous states
• History can be inspected with confirmation display tools

To cause a quick view of the past, a command that graphically displays the history without workflow instructions is useful as a conceptual reference:

git log --graph --oneline --decorate --everything

This type of visualization helps to understand how different lines of development cross over time, reinforcing the idea that Git is, above all, a representation of snapshots connected by a confirmation graph.